本文以“双碳”目标为导向，开展铁路内燃机车绿色转型路径研究，综合运用文献研究、案例分析及成本效益分析方法，系统梳理当前转型现状，深入剖析技术、经济、政策维度的核心难题，提出技术创新、动力改造、产业协同三条转型路径。通过量化分析明确转型成本与效益，结合京局集团唐山机务段东风4D型内燃机车动力改造项目验证可行性，最终从政策、技术、基建层面给出落地建议，为段内及铁路行业低碳转型提供理论与实践参考。

Guided by the “dual carbon” goals, this paper conducts research on the green transformation paths of railway diesel locomotives. By comprehensively applying literature research, case analysis, and cost-benefit analysis methods, it systematically reviews the current transformation status, deeply analyzes the core challenges in the technical, economic, and policy dimensions, and proposes three transformation paths: technological innovation, power transformation, and industrial collaboration. Through quantitative analysis, the transformation costs and benefits are clarified. The feasibility is verified by the power transformation project of the Dongfeng 4D diesel locomotive in Tangshan Locomotive Depot of Beijing Bureau Group. Finally, suggestions are provided from the policy, technology, and infrastructure levels, offering theoretical and practical references for the low-carbon transformation of the depot and the railway industry.