国家战略科技力量是支撑我国实现高水平科技自立自强与引领未来科技竞争的核心要素。近年来，国内学界围绕其内涵认知、制度演进、运行机制与优化路径等方面展开了系统探讨。在内涵方面，研究聚焦于国家战略科技力量的本质特征、组成模块与功能定位；在制度维度，学者们分析了其历史演进路径、政策变迁脉络及不同制度单元之间的协同关系；在运行机制方面，研究呈现出从组织形态、资源配置到多元协同治理的逐步拓展；在优化路径上，主要提出了面向未来的制度重构思路与政策完善建议。总体而言，现有研究为理解国家战略科技力量奠定了基础，但也存在理论范式分散、系统分析不足与跨层次机制解释力有限等问题。未来研究可在深化理论建构、整合制度逻辑与拓展跨案例比较等方向上进一步推进，为国家战略科技力量高质量发展提供理论支撑与实践参考。

National strategic scientific and technological capacity is a core element supporting China’s pursuit of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and its leadership in future global tech competition. In recent years, domestic scholars have systematically explored its conceptual foundations, institutional evolution, operational mechanisms, and pathways for optimization. In terms of connotation, research has focused on the essential characteristics, modular components, and functional positioning of national strategic S&T capacity. From an institutional perspective, scholars have analyzed its historical development, policy transitions, and the coordination among various institutional units. Regarding operational mechanisms, studies have progressively expanded from organizational forms and resource allocation to multi-actor collaborative governance. As for optimization pathways, scholars have proposed future-oriented ideas for institutional restructuring and policy refinement. Overall, existing research provides a foundation for understanding national strategic S&T capacity. However, challenges remain, including fragmented theoretical paradigms, insufficient systemic analysis, and limited explanatory power across governance levels. Future research could advance by deepening theoretical construction, integrating institutional logic, and expanding comparative multi-case studies, thereby offering theoretical support and practical guidance for the high-quality development of China’s strategic scientific and technological capacity.