传统自动导引运输车(AGV)通常依赖预设路径完成货物分拣递送，缺乏灵活性。近年来，电商爆发，订单量持续上涨，以及多品种、小批次的柔性制造要求给物流业带来新的挑战。自主移动机器人(AMR)凭借灵活规划路径与智能环境交互逐步取代AGV成为智能物流的热门。从AGV至AMR的技术演进历程，包含内在与外在驱动因素，通过对比在不同场景下的性能差异，针对路径规划、多机协同等痛点提出优化方案。未来，AMR依靠与5G/6G、高精度导航、人机交互等方面的融合可以实现进一步的迭代更新。

Traditional Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) typically rely on predefined paths to complele sorting and delivery tasks, lacking flexibility. In recent years, the explosion of ecommerce, sustained growth in order volume, and the demand for flexible manufacturing with high-mix, low-volume production have posed new challenges to the logistics industry. Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), with their capability for flexible route planning and intelligent environmental interaction, are gradually replacing AGVs as a focal point in smart logistics. This paper reviews the technological evolution from AGVs to AMRs, encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic driving factors. By conparing performance differences in various scenarios, it proposes optimization solutions for key challenges such as path planning and multi-robot collaboration. In the future, further iterations of AMRs can be achieved through integration with 5G/6G, high-precision navigation, and human-robot interaction technologies.