宇宙尘埃是连接恒星演化、行星形成与星际介质演化的关键物质。受益于太阳系相对于本地星际 云的运动，多项深空探测任务实现了星际尘埃的原位探测。赫利俄斯、尤利西斯、伽利略、卡西尼等探 测器以及星尘号样品返回任务在颗粒动力学特性与成分分析方面取得了重要进展，初步揭示了星际尘埃 的质量分布、辐射压力响应及物质组成。然而，受轨道构型、探测几何、仪器性能及动力学筛选效应限制， 现有观测在颗粒尺寸范围、成分完整性及内部结构认知方面仍存在显著不确定性，有待进一步突破。

Cosmic dust is a key material connecting stellar evolution, planetary formation, and the evolution of the interstellar medium. Benefiting from the motion of the solar system relative to the local interstellar cloud, several deep-space exploration missions have achieved in-situ detection of interstellar dust. Impact ionization detectors such as those on Helios, Ulysses, Galileo, and Cassini, along with the Stardust sample return mission, have made significant progress in analyzing the dynamical characteristics and composition of particles, initially revealing the mass distribution, radiation pressure response, and material composition of interstellar dust. However, due to limitations in orbital configuration, detection geometry, instrument performance, and dynamic filtering effects, significant uncertainties remain in existing observations regarding the particle size range, compositional completeness, and understanding of internal structure, requiring further breakthroughs.