随着全球数字化与智能化进程持续深入，卫星导航产业已成为关乎国家战略安全与经济核心竞争力的关键基础设施。当前，全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）领域形成美国GPS、中国北斗、俄罗斯GLONASS与欧盟Galileo“四强并存”的格局。作为后发者，北斗系统已具备全球服务能力且在国内市场深度渗透，但在国际层面面临GPS生态锁定、地缘政治干扰、标准竞争等多重挑战。因此，系统研究北斗的国际化路径，对提升其全球竞争力、保障国家时空信息安全、推动航天产业高质量“走出去”至关重要。本研究通过剖析全球竞争格局与主要系统策略，评估北斗国际化的基础与挑战，最终形成技术标准先行、应用生态共建、市场分层拓展的综合性差异化推进路径。

With the ongoing deepening of global digitalization and intelligentization, the satellite navigation industry has become a critical infrastructure closely tied to national strategic security and economic core competitiveness. Currently, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) landscape is characterized by a “four-power coexistence” of the U.S. GPS, China’s BeiDou, Russia’s GLONASS, and the European Union’s Galileo. As a latecomer, the BeiDou system has achieved global service capabilities and deep penetration in the domestic market, yet it faces multiple challenges at the international level, including ecosystem lock-in by GPS, geopolitical interference, and competition over standards. Therefore, a systematic study of BeiDou’s internationalization path is essential for enhancing its global competitiveness, safeguarding national spatiotemporal information security, and promoting the high-quality “going global” strategy of the aerospace industry. By analyzing the global competitive landscape and the strategies of major systems, this research assesses the foundation and challenges for BeiDou’s internationalization, ultimately proposing a comprehensive and differentiated advancement path that prioritizes technology and standards, fosters collaborative development of the application ecosystem, and expands market segments in a layered manner.