润滑油添加剂作为关键化工新材料，其国产化替代与供应链韧性建设关乎高端制造产业链安全。本文聚焦国产化替代背景下的供应链韧性提升，首先分析全球市场外资主导高端领域、内资抢占中低端的竞争态势，以及中国产业在政策支持下的发展机遇与短板；进而从供应链韧性理论出发，探讨国产化替代与韧性建设的相互作用机制，深入解构外部成本波动、技术封锁及内部研发能力不足、产业集中度偏低等挑战；最后提出通过技术创新驱动、产业协同合作、供应链多元化布局等提升供应链韧性的可行路径，以期助力润滑油添加剂产业实现高水平国产化替代。

As a critical category of advanced chemical materials, the localization substitution of lubricant additives and the enhancement of their supply chain resilience are vital to the security of high-end manufacturing industrial chains. This paper focuses on the improvement of supply chain resilience within the context of localization. It first analyzes the competitive landscape of the global market—where foreign capital dominates high-end segments while domestic enterprises compete in the mid-to-low-end range—as well as the development opportunities and shortcomings of China’s industry under policy support. Furthermore, grounded in supply chain resilience theory, the paper explores the interactive mechanisms between localization and resilience building, and provides a deep deconstruction of challenges such as external cost volatility, technological blockades, insufficient internal R&D capabilities, and low industry concentration. Finally, feasible paths to enhance supply chain resilience are proposed through technological innovation drivers, industrial synergy, and diversified supply chain layouts, aiming to facilitate the high-level localization of the lubricant additive industry.