生成式人工智能的技术跃迁以算力规模的指数级扩张为前提，算力资源在资本逻辑驱动下加速向少数科技巨头和发达经济体集中，形成了结构性的算力垄断格局。马克思的技术异化理论为审视这一趋势提供了深刻的分析工具，当算力从服务于人的技术资源转变为少数主体控制技术走向、攫取超额利润、转嫁环境代价的权力杠杆时，技术异化便以新的形态在数字时代重现。算力垄断引发了三重伦理困境，技术发展方向的“去主体化”、算力鸿沟对社会不平等的结构性固化、算力扩张对人与自然物质变换关系的破坏。破解上述困境，需要确立算力的公共品属性，从权力解构、公平分配和生态约束三个维度构建伦理治理框架，推动算力资源配置从资本主导转向公共善治，使之真正服务于人的全面发展。

The technological leap of generative artificial intelligence presupposes the exponential expansion of computing power. Driven by capital logic, computing resources are rapidly concentrating among a few technology giants and developed economies, forming a structural monopoly. Marx’s theory of technological alienation provides an analytical lens: when computing power transforms from a human-serving resource into a power lever for extracting excess profits and externalizing environmental costs, technological alienation reappears in digital form. This monopoly gives rise to three ethical dilemmas: the de-subjectification of technological development, the structural entrenchment of social inequality through the computing power gap, and the disruption of the material exchange relationship between humans and nature. To resolve these dilemmas, computing power must be recognized as a public good, and an ethical governance framework must be built along three dimensions—power deconstruction, equitable distribution, and ecological constraint—so that the allocation of computing resources shifts from capital dominated to public governance, truly serving the all-round development of human beings.