Against the backdrop of the commercial deployment of 5G technology promoting a new round of industrial transformation and the deep integration of computer technology and high-speed communication networks becoming a key driving force for industrial innovation, this article focuses on the innovative application and impact analysis of computer technology in the industrial field in the 5G era. Based on the high bandwidth, low latency and high reliability of 5G, this paper discusses its empowerment of the optimization and upgrading of computer technologies such as edge computing, cloud computing and artificial intelligence. It selects two typical scenarios of intelligent manufacturing and smart healthcare to analyze and explain the actual implementation paths of innovative application models such as real time quality control and remote surgery. Research has found that although the application of computer technology driven by 5G has significantly improved the operational efficiency of industries and given rise to new business forms, it still faces challenges such as the integration of technologies like cyber security and privacy protection. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to strengthen cross-domain collaboration and standard construction to release the potential of technological innovation and provide continuous impetus for the digital transformation of industries.