Against the backdrop of digital economy development, researching the “triple-chain co-construction” mechanism of industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain in Northeast China constitutes an important path for realizing industrial transformation and upgrading. Based on the industrial development status and latest policy orientations of Northeast China, this paper proposes specific strategies for the region’s “triple-chain co-construction” from dimensions including building digital industrial platforms, upgrading intelligent logistics systems, expanding value-added links of the value chain, strengthening cross-regional collaboration, improving the policy guarantee system, and cultivating interdisciplinary talents. The research aims to provide practical guidance for Northeast China to leverage digital economy empowerment, promote in-depth integration and efficient linkage of the “three chains”, and offer practical reference for the revitalization of China’s old industrial bases and industrial collaborative development in the digital economy era.