Guided by China’s agricultural modernization strategy, agriculture and animal husbandry on the Qinghai Plateau are rapidly moving toward mechanization, digitization, and intelligence, yet the region’s unique ecological and socio-economic conditions pose distinct challenges for intelligent agro-pastoral robots. This paper reviews relevant policies and current developments, analyzes the drivers of agro-pastoral intelligence in Qinghai, and summarizes domestic and international progress in agricultural and pastoral robots, highlighting differences in typical applications. It identifies key bottlenecks in plateau environments, technology adaptation, talent, and infrastructure, and proposes a plateau-oriented technology system integrating environmental perception, intelligent computing, autonomous learning, and human–robot interaction, together with a framework for embodied, learnable robots that adapt through continuous human–environment interaction. Comparative cases from the United States, Germany, and Japan inform strategies in policy support, industry–academia–research collaboration, talent training, and shared service models, providing guidance for smart agriculture and ecological animal husbandry in plateau regions.