The formation of new-quality productive forces has driven the transformation of production methods from mechanization to intelligence, fundamentally changing the cultural genes of vocational education. Industrial culture emphasizes standardized operations, while digital culture focuses on innovative thinking and cross-border integration. Through comparative analysis of talent training models, knowledge transfer mechanisms, and skill evaluation systems, this study reveals that digital culture has reconstructed vocational education’s value logic: shifting from single-skill training to comprehensive competence development, from static knowledge transmission to dynamic cognitive iteration, and from closed teaching to open collaborative innovation, opening new paths for cultivating technical and skilled talents.