This paper takes A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2023 as the sample to empirically test the impact of public data openness on the new quality productivity of enterprises. The research finds that the policy of public data openness significantly promotes the development of new quality productivity of enterprises. This policy functions through promoting enterprise digital transformation, reducing innovation costs, and facilitating urban digital economic development and regional collaborative innovation, etc., and its effect is more prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises, capital-intensive enterprises, and technology-intensive enterprises.