With the deepening global concept of sustainable development, supply chain management has gradually shifted from a traditional cost-efficiency orientation to a comprehensive management model that balances environmental, social, and economic benefits. Focusing on innovation in supply chain management driven by sustainability, this study explores innovative approaches such as Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), digital transformation and intelligent supply chains, and circular economy models from both theoretical and practical perspectives. By analyzing the impact of technology-driven advancements, policy support, and international cooperation on supply chain management, this paper proposes optimization strategies and future development trends for sustainable supply chains. The research reveals that green technologies, intelligent tools, and collaboration platforms will play a crucial role in the design and optimization of supply chains. To address future environmental and social challenges, enterprises must build more efficient and environmentally friendly supply chain systems through continuous innovation and cross-sector collaboration.