Against the backdrop of global climate change and increasingly stringent resource and environmental constraints, the realization of ecological product value and the transition to a green economy are pivotal for achieving high-quality regional development. Taking Guizhou as the research object, this study employs models such as the coupling coordination degree model for “ecological product supply-green economy” and integrates the entropy weighted TOPSIS method. Based on data from six prefecture-level cities in Guizhou from 2011 to 2022, it analyzes the temporal evolution and obstacle factors of their coupling coordination. The results indicate that while the coupling coordination level between ecological product supply and green economy has continuously improved across cities in Guizhou, disparities persist. Ecological regulation service factors emerge as the primary obstacle. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed to provide a “Guizhou Approach” for green transformation in ecologically fragile regions of western China.