In recent years, developed economies have intensively launched targeted high-tech strategies in semiconductors, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies,new materials, bioeconomy, and clean energy, aiming to comprehensively enhance their scientific innovation capabilities and industrial competitiveness. Through systematic analysis, this study identifies that these economies primarily adopt three strategic focuses:1) strengthening foundational and applied technologies,2) accelerating commercialization of scientific achievements, and 3) building digital infrastructure. Key implementation measures include establishing cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, providing diversified funding mechanisms and tax incentives, developing talent attraction-cultivation toolkits, and deepening multilateral international collaborations. This paper proposes actionable recommendations to bolster China’s indigenous innovation capacity, including enhancing top-level strategic coordination, accelerating breakthroughs in core technologies, optimizing innovation ecosystems, and expanding global partnerships.