Against the dual backdrop of intensifying global climate change and tightening resource and environmental constraints, sustainable development has become a core consensus in the economic transformation of nations, with the traditional high-energy, high-emission growth model facing severe challenges. As the world's largest manufacturing country, China has long maintained a high proportion of manufacturing value-added in its GDP while also bearing significant pressure for carbon emission reduction and environmental governance. Under the guidance of the dual-carbon goals, promoting a green and digitalized collaborative transformation of the economic growth model has become an inevitable choice to break through the bottlenecks in manufacturing development and achieve high-quality growth. The deep integration of digital transformation and green process innovation can not only break the path dependence of traditional production models but also establish a sustainable production system integrating technology, efficiency, and ecology, serving as a key breakthrough for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. This study aims to reveal the driving mechanisms of digital technology on green process innovation, providing a theoretical model for governments to design policy tools such as environmental taxation systems and carbon market mechanisms, optimizing the incentive and constraint policy system for industrial transformation under the dual-carbon goals. It also conducts an in-depth analysis of the synergistic effects of green process innovation on corporate financial and environmental performance, guiding enterprises in achieving balanced decisions on environmental and economic benefits in process optimization and equipment upgrades.