Full lifecycle management of intellectual property (IP) in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) serves as a critical enabler for industrial innovation, particularly in technology-intensive sectors like coal chemical engineering, where management efficacy directly determines corporate competitiveness. Current IP management in SOEs faces challenges including fragmented processes and outdated mechanisms across creation, operation and protection. This study proposes optimization strategies—such as establishing a knowledge graph collaboration system and developing an industrial data-integrated value assessment model—through digital technology applications tailored to coal chemical industry characteristics. By leveraging digital tools to streamline management workflows, enhance operational efficiency, strengthen risk control, the research provides actionable pathways for improving the quality and effectiveness of IP management in SOEs.