This paper takes China’s AI computing infrastructure as the research object. Combined with the construction practice of the three major telecom operators, it systematically analyzes the layout characteristics, influencing factors and effectiveness evaluation dimensions of computing power. It focuses on the practical problems including unbalanced regional layout, incomplete evaluation system, low resource utilization rate and insufficient green empowerment. On this basis, it puts forward paths for layout optimization and effectiveness improvement from three aspects: regional coordination, standard system construction and efficiency promotion. The research findings provide theoretical reference and practical ideas for optimizing the layout of China’s computing infrastructure and strengthening its supporting effectiveness for strategic emerging industries.