The transformation of scientific and technological achievements serves as an “incubator” linking technological innovation and industrial development, and a critical “gateway” for seamless integration of the innovation chain and industry chain. As a key force in technological innovation, higher education institutions play a significant role in the commercialization of research outcomes and supporting regional economic growth. The situation of technology transfer in private vocational colleges, as an important group of higher education institutions, is increasingly drawing attention. From the theoretical perspective of industry chain-innovation chain synergy, this study employs literature review and case analysis to examine the current status and main challenges of scientific and technological achievements transformation in private higher vocational colleges in Henan Province. Key issues identified include poor linkage between industry and innovation chains, low alignment of research outcomes with regional industrial needs, underdeveloped intermediary service systems, and insufficient depth of industry-academia collaboration. To address these challenges, the study proposes pathways such as establishing demand-driven research innovation mechanisms, building diversified collaborative transformation platforms, and improving incentive compatible policy environments. These measures aim to enhance the adaptability of scientific and technological achievements to regional industries, boost transformation efficiency, and drive regional industrial upgrading.