As an innovation-driven, high-tech and advanced form of productivity, new-quality productive forces feature high efficiency and high quality, serving as the primary driving force for the high-quality development of modern enterprises. Based on the theoretical connotation and core characteristics of new-quality productive forces, this paper analyzes the dilemmas and challenges confronted by traditional corporate strategies in the era of new quality productive forces. It constructs a path for enterprise strategic upgrading from five dimensions: scientific and technological innovation, factor allocation, industrial integration, organizational reform and value creation, and proposes guarantee mechanisms and implementation strategies for the implementation of such strategies. This research provides theoretical references and practical guidance for modern enterprises to adapt to the trend of productivity transformation and build sustainable competitive advantages.