This paper takes 41 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering in the natural resources system as the research objects, and uses the resume analysis method to analyze their group characteristics from four dimensions: age structure, spatial distribution, educational background and disciplinary composition. Research has found that the aging problem of the academician group is severe, with the proportion of academicians over 80 years old reaching as high as 56.1%, and the generational replacement of the talent echelon is facing challenges. In terms of spatial distribution, the birth areas of academicians show a tendency towards the eastern coastal regions (with Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces accounting for a combined 31.7%), and their working units are highly concentrated in Beijing (accounting for 56.1%). In terms of educational background, 65.9% of the academicians have obtained doctoral degrees. Geological colleges and research institutions are the main force in training, and over 90% of the academicians have overseas academic experience, demonstrating a significant internationalized training feature. The discipline distribution is concentrated in the School of Earth Sciences (36.6%) and the School of Energy and Mining Engineering (22.0%). The traditional advantageous disciplines have accumulated strongly, but the strength in the cross-disciplinary frontier fields is relatively weak. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from aspects such as implementing a tiered talent strategy, optimizing the discipline layout, promoting coordinated regional development, and deepening international cooperation, with the aim of providing references and suggestions for improving the high-level scientific and technological talent policies of the natural resources department.