The year 2026 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the“Diwa Theory” (Theory of Polycyclic Geotectonics with a Geodepression Stage). This geotectonic theory, originally proposed by Chen Guoda, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, represents an important original contribution by Chinese geologists to the world of geoscience. This paper takes the renowned archival materials of Academician Chen Guoda housed in the Archives of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the research object. Through the collation and analysis of primary sources such as manuscripts, letters, publications, and news reports, this study systematically examines the scientific spirit embodied by Academician Chen Guoda during the establishment and development of the Theory of Polygonal Structures from three dimensions: “working hard under difficult conditions to serve the nation through science,” “extensive knowledge and broad-ranging interests,” and “lofty ideals, detachment from fame and wealth.” The research shows that the birth and development of the Theory of Polygonal Structures is not only the fruit of Chen Guoda’s personal academic pursuit but also a concentrated reflection of the spirit of Chinese scientists in a specific historical period. In the process of promoting the spirit of scientists in the new era, the academic growth journey of Academician Chen Guoda holds significant inspirational value.