With the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of critical care medicine, it not only enhances diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency and quality but also brings new opportunities for the prevention and management of medical disputes. From the perspective of medical dispute prevention and management, this article reviews the critical roles of AI in the intensive care unit, including data integration and panoramic insight, intelligent early warning and forward risk management, clinical decision support and procedural standardization, as well as departmental management optimization and quality control system enhancement. These applications not only strengthen the safety and traceability of the medical process but also effectively facilitate doctor-patient communication, thereby fundamentally reducing the risk of medical malpractice liability disputes arising from information asymmetry, decision-making delays, or non-standard operations. Furthermore, this article discusses the limitations of current practices and outlines future directions, emphasizing that while embracing technological advancements, it is imperative to clarify the accountability boundaries in human-machine collaboration and construct a new ecosystem of intelligent healthcare centered on patient safety.