Natural resources investigation and monitoring is a systematic, complex and comprehensive work, which puts forward higher requirements for the efficiency, accuracy and real-time performance of investigation and monitoring. This paper systematically expounds the specific applications of surveying and mapping geographic information technology in natural resources investigation and monitoring, and deeply discusses the core advantages of this technology in the links of spatial data management, storage, processing and analysis, aiming to provide technical support for the rational planning and sustainable utilization of natural resources.