The transformation of technological achievements is a key link connecting technological innovation with economic and social development. The traditional linear transformation model is difficult to cope with the complexity and uncertainty of current innovation activities, and urgently needs to be reconstructed from the perspective of ecosystems. This article is based on the theory of regional innovation ecosystem and reveals the inherent coupling mechanism between ecosystem and achievement transformation. Furthermore, Beijing Zhongguancun and Shenzhen Nanshan District were selected as typical cases to compare and analyze the two typical transformation models of “university institution led” and “market demand driven”. Finally, a practical path for improving the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation has been systematically constructed from five dimensions: subject collaboration, chain connection, element coupling, digital empowerment, and ecological network resilience.