In order to explore the development path of enterprise data asset capitalization in the digital economy era, this study elaborates on the internal logic, main paths, practical obstacles, and development strategies of data asset capitalization. The results show that data assets can be capitalized through methods such as entering the balance sheet, pledging financing, pricing into stocks, securitization, and trust. In response to the current obstacles such as data ownership dilemma, lack of valuation system, insufficient market liquidity, and poor governance capacity, this study aims to explore the development path of enterprise data asset capitalization; It is necessary to establish a hierarchical and registration system for data property rights, establish a valuation system that adapts to diverse scenarios, cultivate a mutually beneficial and symbiotic data asset industry chain, enhance enterprise data governance capabilities and organizational collaboration architecture, thereby unleashing the value of data assets and promoting high-quality development of the digital economy.