随着“双碳”目标的持续推进，火力发电厂面临燃料成本高位运行、环保投入刚性增长与机组效 率约束等多重压力，经济性问题日益凸显。本文针对火电厂经济性提升的现实需求，从成本结构与运行 特征出发，系统分析了燃料价格波动、机组老化及环保政策趋严对火电经济性的影响。同时，重点论述 了超低排放技术优化、智能控制系统升级、余热综合利用以及全生命周期成本管理等，在绿色节能条件 下火电厂经济性提升的技术路径，并结合碳交易与绿电协同机制分析了其对火电经济性的调节作用。通 过技术改造与管理优化的协同推进，不仅能够在环保约束条件下，有效降低单位的供电成本，而且也能 够确保火电厂可持续发展。

As China advances its “dual carbon” goals, thermal power plants face mounting economic pressures from high fuel costs, rigid environmental compliance requirements, and operational efficiency constraints. Addressing the pressing need for cost-effectiveness improvements, this study systematically analyzes how fuel price volatility, aging equipment, and stricter environmental policies impact thermal power economics through cost structure and operational characteristics. Key technical pathways include ultra-low emission technology optimization, intelligent control system upgrades, waste heat recovery, and lifecycle cost management. The research further examines how carbon trading mechanisms and green power integration mechanisms regulate thermal power economics. By synergistically advancing technological upgrades and management optimization, this approach not only reduces per-unit power generation costs under environmental constraints but also ensures sustainable development for thermal power plants.