2023年以来，发达经济体围绕半导体、人工智能、量子、新材料、生物经济、清洁能源等领域密集出台细分高技术领域战略，全面提升本国科技创新与产业发展能力。本文分析梳理认为，发达经济体主要通过加强机构统筹协同、提供多元资金供给和税收优惠、建立人才引育工具箱、加强多维国际合作等手段，围绕技术基础及应用、科技成果转化、数字基础支撑三个着眼点，推动高技术产业发展。建议从加强战略统筹、加速技术突破、完善创新生态、扩大国际合作等方面入手，增强自主创新能力，推动新技术快速大规模应用和迭代升级，强化科技创新对我国高质量发展的根本支撑。

In recent years, developed economies have intensively launched targeted high-tech strategies in semiconductors, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies,new materials, bioeconomy, and clean energy, aiming to comprehensively enhance their scientific innovation capabilities and industrial competitiveness. Through systematic analysis, this study identifies that these economies primarily adopt three strategic focuses:1) strengthening foundational and applied technologies,2) accelerating commercialization of scientific achievements, and 3) building digital infrastructure. Key implementation measures include establishing cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, providing diversified funding mechanisms and tax incentives, developing talent attraction-cultivation toolkits, and deepening multilateral international collaborations. This paper proposes actionable recommendations to bolster China’s indigenous innovation capacity, including enhancing top-level strategic coordination, accelerating breakthroughs in core technologies, optimizing innovation ecosystems, and expanding global partnerships.