国产工业机械臂正处于由规模领先向技术领跑跃迁的关键窗口，但核心三大件被海外巨头长期把控、专利结构性失衡、标准话语权薄弱等知识产权壁垒，仍是产业升级的硬约束。基于公开政策、专利统计与产业链数据，文章从产业规模、国产化率、专利布局与高价值专利结构四个维度刻画国产机械臂的突围态势，识别出“专利封锁、标准缺位、链条卡口、生态薄弱”四类风险。在此基础上提出由专利布局与规避设计、标准与检测协同、产学研联合攻关、海外并购与全球化研发、政策与生态培育组成的五位一体自主创新路径。研究指出，自主创新不应止步于本体仿制式专利堆积，需向核心零部件、底层算法与标准生态延伸：短期靠规避设计与并购拿到通行权，中期靠产学研形成高价值专利与可复用工艺，长期靠标准、检测与生态把住产业话语权。

Domestic industrial manipulators in China are entering a critical window from scale leadership toward technological leadership, yet intellectual property (IP) barriers — foreign dominance over the three core components, structurally imbalanced patent portfolios and a weak standards voice — remain hard constraints. Drawing on public policy, patent statistics and supply-chain data, this paper characterises the situation along four dimensions: industry scale, localisation rate, patent distribution and the structure of high-value patents. Four risks are identified: patent blockade, missing standards, supply-chain choke points and a thin ecosystem. A five-in-one autonomous innovation path is then proposed, covering patent layout with design-around, standards and testing coordination, industry university-research alliances, overseas acquisition with global R&D footprint, and policy-driven ecosystem cultivation. Autonomous innovation must move beyond body-imitation patents and reach into core components, underlying algorithms and the standards ecosystem.