在创新驱动高质量发展背景下，专精特新企业是我国产业链补短板的核心主体，其研发创新行为直接决定企业经营质量。本文以2025年1473家A股上市专精特新企业为样本，构建二次非线性回归模型，实证检验研发投入强度对企业总资产净利率的影响。研究发现，研发投入强度与企业经营绩效呈现显著的U型非线性关系，拐点左侧研发投入对绩效呈负向抑制效应，成本挤压效应占主导；拐点右侧研发投入对绩效呈正向促进效应，创新增益效应全面显现。本文结论为企业理性配置创新资源、政府精准开展创新扶持提供了实证参考。

Amid innovation-driven high-quality development, SRDI firms are core to fixing China’s industrial chain weaknesses, with R&D defining their operation quality. Using 1,473 2025 A-share listed SRDI enterprises as samples, this paper adopts a quadratic nonlinear regression model to test R&D investment intensity’s impact on ROA. A significant U-shaped link exists: pre-inflection-point R&D suppresses performance through cost crowding-out, while post-inflection-point R&D boosts performance via innovation gains. It provides empirical evidence for rational corporate innovation resource allocation and targeted governmental innovation policies.